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                <editor>Inscriptions of Greek Cyrenaica</editor>
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            <publicationStmt>
                <authority>Università di Bologna</authority>
                <idno type="filename">IGCyr111300</idno>
        <idno type="TM">738644</idno>
        <idno type="localID">igcyr111300</idno>
        <idno type="URI">https://igcyr.unibo.it/igcyr111300</idno>
                
                <availability>
                    <p>
            <ref target="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/">Creative Commons Attributions-NonCommercial 4.0 International</ref> License.</p>                     <p>All citation, reuse or distribution of this work must contain a link back to DOI: <ref target="http://doi.org/10.6092/UNIBO/IGCYRGVCYR">http://doi.org/10.6092/UNIBO/IGCYRGVCYR</ref> and the filename (IGCyr000000 or GVCyr000), as well as the year of consultation.</p>
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                <msDesc>
                    <msIdentifier>
            <repository>Benghazi Museum (Sidi Khrebish excavations)</repository> <idno type="invNo">H410</idno>
          </msIdentifier>
                    <physDesc>
                        <objectDesc>
                            <supportDesc>
                                <support>
                                    <p>
                    <material>Stone</material> <objectType>ball</objectType> from a series of twenty-three, some of <material>limestone</material>, others of 
                                        <material>sandstone</material>; chipped 
                                        (weight 3.05 kg; diameter 0.15).</p>
                                </support>
                            </supportDesc>
                            <layoutDesc>
                                <layout>
                  <rs type="execution" key="scalpro">Inscribed</rs> with one letter and perhaps another one, not contiguous.</layout> 
                            </layoutDesc>
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                            <handNote>
                <height>0.035</height>.</handNote>
                        </handDesc>
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                    <history>
                        <origin>
                            <origPlace>Findspot.</origPlace>
                            <origDate evidence="context" notBefore="-0246" notAfter="-0101">Between 246 and end of second century B.C.</origDate>.
                        </origin>
                        
                            
                        <provenance type="found" notBefore="1973" notAfter="1975">
                            <p>Found during the excavations (1973-1975) conducted by J. Lloyd at
                                <placeName type="ancientFindspot" ref="http://pleiades.stoa.org/places/373757" key="http://www.slsgazetteer.org/910">Berenike</placeName>:                                          
                                in the area of <rs type="monuList" key="http://www.slsgazetteer.org/1463">Hellenistic city walls</rs>.
                            </p> 
                                </provenance>
                                <provenance type="not-observed">
                                    <p>Not seen by IGCyr team.</p>
                                </provenance>
                            
                        
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                <language ident="ar">Arabic</language>
                <language ident="en">English</language>
                <language ident="fr">French</language>
                <language ident="de">German</language>
                <language ident="grc">Ancient Greek</language>
                <language ident="grc-Latn">Transliterated Greek</language>
                <language ident="el">Modern Greek</language>
                <language ident="he">Hebrew</language>
                <language ident="it">Italian</language>
                <language ident="la">Latin</language>
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                <keywords scheme="InsLib">
                    <term>
                        <geogName type="ancientRegion" key="Cyrene">Cyrenaica</geogName>
                    </term>
                    <term>
                        <geogName type="modernCountry" key="LY">Libya</geogName>
                    </term>
                    <term>
                        <placeName type="modernFindspot" ref="http://www.geonames.org/" key="Benghazi">Benghazi</placeName>
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        <creation>Transcription from editors.</creation>
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        <revisionDesc>
            <change when="2017-04-25" who="Alice">checked</change>
            <change when="2017-02-06" who="CDL">overall check</change>
            <change when="2014-01-22" who="cdl">lemma, text, apparatus, translation, commentary</change>
            <change when="2013-06-15" who="Ljuba">checked, updated and in case corrected physDesc, history, and textClass</change>
            <change when="2013-01-31" who="GB Ljuba">moved text-constituted-from to profileDesc/creation</change>
            <change when="2012-09-01" who="Ljuba">added from CATALOGO </change>
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        <body>
      <div type="bibliography">
                <head>Bibliography</head>
                <p>
          <bibl>
            <ptr target="#jmr2010a"/>, pp. <citedRange>226-228</citedRange>
          </bibl>, whence
                    <bibl>
            <title>SEG</title>, <citedRange>60.1832</citedRange>
          </bibl>.
                    Cf. <bibl>
            <ptr target="#lloyd-kenrick2014"/>, p. <citedRange>138</citedRange>
          </bibl>;
                    <bibl>
            <ptr target="#jmr-kenrick2015"/>, pp. <citedRange>76-81</citedRange>
          </bibl>.</p>
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                <head>Text</head>
                    <div type="textpart" n="a">
                        <ab>
                            <lb n="1"/><num type="cardinal"><num value="1"><g type="alphabetic">α</g></num></num>
                        </ab>
                    </div>
                <div type="textpart" n="b">
                    <ab>
                        <lb n="1"/><num type="cardinal"><num value="10"><g type="alphabetic" cert="low">ι</g></num></num>
                    </ab>
                </div>
            </div>
      <div type="apparatus" xml:space="preserve">
            <head>Apparatus</head>
                <p>
                    <app loc="b.1"><note resp="#jmr2010a">Perhaps no letter, but a stroke cut in the course of shaping the ball</note></app>
                </p>
               </div>
      <div type="translation" xml:space="preserve" xml:lang="fr">
            <p>a) Un.
            b) Dix (?).</p>
         </div>
      <div type="translation" xml:space="preserve" xml:lang="en">
            <p>a) One.
            b) Ten (?).</p>
         </div>
      <div type="translation" xml:space="preserve" xml:lang="it">
            <p>a) Uno.
            b) Dieci (?).</p>
         </div>
      <div type="commentary">
                <head>Commentary</head>
                <p>Known through a much delated publication, the balls are not easily individuated. However, J.M. Reynolds was able to show that the letters are not related to
                the weight of the balls and might indicate "a numbered military position of machine" from which it was projected. In any case, it cannot be the
                initial of a personal name, for <ref type="inscription">IGCyr111330</ref> bears a digamma, proving that the letters have a numeral value.</p>
                <p>The date for all the balls should be between the foundation of Berenike (246 B.C.) and phase 2 of the Hellenistic city-wall (end of second century B.C.).</p> 
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