Honors for Timagoras

Bibliography

SECir Oliverio, G., Pugliese-Carratelli, G., Morelli, D., 1961-1962, Supplemento Epigrafico Cirenaico, Annuario della Scuola Archeologica di Atene e delle Missioni Italiane in Oriente (ASAA)39-40 (= n.s. 23-24), 219-375 - see in bibliography , 103 (photo), and Daux, 1963 Daux, G., 1963, Note sur une inscription de Cyrène, Bulletin de correspondance hellénique (BCH)87, 388-390 - see in bibliography , whence SEG Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum, Leiden, then Amsterdam, 1923-1971, then 1979- - see in bibliography , 20.716; Gallavotti, 1963 Gallavotti, C., 1963, Una "defixio" dorica e altri nuovi epigrammi cirenaici, Maia15, 450-463 - see in bibliography , p. 455; Peek, 1972 Peek, W., 1972, Griechische Versinschriften aus der Cyrenaica aus Mauretanien und Numidien, Abhandlungen der sächsichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, phil.-hist. Klasse, 63.4, Berlin - see in bibliography , n. 3; Bravo, 1980 Bravo, B., 1980, Sulân. Représailles et justice privée contre des étrangers dans les cités grecques, Annali della Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, Classe di Lettere e Filosofia (ASNP)10, 675-987 - see in bibliography , p. 921, whence SEG Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum, Leiden, then Amsterdam, 1923-1971, then 1979- - see in bibliography , 30.1783; Laronde, 1987 Laronde, A., 1987, Cyrène et la Libye hellénistique. Libykai historiai de l’époque républicaine au principat d’Auguste, Paris - see in bibliography , pp. 149-152; CEG Hansen, P.A. (ed.), Carmina epigraphica Graeca, I-II, Berlin, 1983-1989 - see in bibliography II.850. Cf. Dobias-Lalou, 2003 Dobias-Lalou, C., 2003, Voyageurs cyrénéens, in H. Duchene (ed.), Voyageurs et Antiquité classique, Dijon, 11-21 - see in bibliography ; Laronde-Lefèvre, 2009 Laronde, A., Lefèvre, F., 2009, Autour de la stèle des SYLA, Comptes rendus des séances. Académie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres (CRAI)2009, 807-841 - see in bibliography .

Text

Apparatus

1 Gallavotti, 1963 Gallavotti, C., 1963, Una "defixio" dorica e altri nuovi epigrammi cirenaici, Maia15, 450-463 - see in bibliography , CEG Hansen, P.A. (ed.), Carmina epigraphica Graeca, I-II, Berlin, 1983-1989 - see in bibliography  [---] [ἀν]α̣δήσας : SECir Oliverio, G., Pugliese-Carratelli, G., Morelli, D., 1961-1962, Supplemento Epigrafico Cirenaico, Annuario della Scuola Archeologica di Atene e delle Missioni Italiane in Oriente (ASAA)39-40 (= n.s. 23-24), 219-375 - see in bibliography , Laronde, 1987 Laronde, A., 1987, Cyrène et la Libye hellénistique. Libykai historiai de l’époque républicaine au principat d’Auguste, Paris - see in bibliography  [---] αδήσας : Peek, 1972 Peek, W., 1972, Griechische Versinschriften aus der Cyrenaica aus Mauretanien und Numidien, Abhandlungen der sächsichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, phil.-hist. Klasse, 63.4, Berlin - see in bibliography  [πολλάκις ἄλλος μὲν κεφαλὴν στεφάνοις ἀν]αδήσας

2 CEG Hansen, P.A. (ed.), Carmina epigraphica Graeca, I-II, Berlin, 1983-1989 - see in bibliography  [---] [πατρί?]δος : SECir Oliverio, G., Pugliese-Carratelli, G., Morelli, D., 1961-1962, Supplemento Epigrafico Cirenaico, Annuario della Scuola Archeologica di Atene e delle Missioni Italiane in Oriente (ASAA)39-40 (= n.s. 23-24), 219-375 - see in bibliography , Laronde, 1987 Laronde, A., 1987, Cyrène et la Libye hellénistique. Libykai historiai de l’époque républicaine au principat d’Auguste, Paris - see in bibliography  [---] ΔΟΣ : Peek, 1972 Peek, W., 1972, Griechische Versinschriften aus der Cyrenaica aus Mauretanien und Numidien, Abhandlungen der sächsichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, phil.-hist. Klasse, 63.4, Berlin - see in bibliography  [νίκαις ηὔξησεν κῦδος ἑῆς πατρί]δος

3 [---] [ἐνὶ δ]ώμασιν ἵππον : SECir Oliverio, G., Pugliese-Carratelli, G., Morelli, D., 1961-1962, Supplemento Epigrafico Cirenaico, Annuario della Scuola Archeologica di Atene e delle Missioni Italiane in Oriente (ASAA)39-40 (= n.s. 23-24), 219-375 - see in bibliography , Laronde, 1987 Laronde, A., 1987, Cyrène et la Libye hellénistique. Libykai historiai de l’époque républicaine au principat d’Auguste, Paris - see in bibliography , CEG Hansen, P.A. (ed.), Carmina epigraphica Graeca, I-II, Berlin, 1983-1989 - see in bibliography  [---] [δ]ώμασιν ἵππον : Peek, 1972 Peek, W., 1972, Griechische Versinschriften aus der Cyrenaica aus Mauretanien und Numidien, Abhandlungen der sächsichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, phil.-hist. Klasse, 63.4, Berlin - see in bibliography  [ἅρματα καλά τ' ἔχων θρέψας τ'ἐνὶ δ]ώμασιν ἵππον

4 SECir Oliverio, G., Pugliese-Carratelli, G., Morelli, D., 1961-1962, Supplemento Epigrafico Cirenaico, Annuario della Scuola Archeologica di Atene e delle Missioni Italiane in Oriente (ASAA)39-40 (= n.s. 23-24), 219-375 - see in bibliography , Laronde, 1987 Laronde, A., 1987, Cyrène et la Libye hellénistique. Libykai historiai de l’époque républicaine au principat d’Auguste, Paris - see in bibliography , CEG Hansen, P.A. (ed.), Carmina epigraphica Graeca, I-II, Berlin, 1983-1989 - see in bibliography  [---] [Τ]ιμαγόρας δὲ ἀρετῆι : Peek, 1972 Peek, W., 1972, Griechische Versinschriften aus der Cyrenaica aus Mauretanien und Numidien, Abhandlungen der sächsichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, phil.-hist. Klasse, 63.4, Berlin - see in bibliography  [ὠκυδρόμον, σφετέρηι Τ]ιμαγόρας δὲ ἀρετῆι·

5 Bravo, 1980 Bravo, B., 1980, Sulân. Représailles et justice privée contre des étrangers dans les cités grecques, Annali della Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, Classe di Lettere e Filosofia (ASNP)10, 675-987 - see in bibliography , CEG Hansen, P.A. (ed.), Carmina epigraphica Graeca, I-II, Berlin, 1983-1989 - see in bibliography , Laronde-Lefèvre, 2009 Laronde, A., Lefèvre, F., 2009, Autour de la stèle des SYLA, Comptes rendus des séances. Académie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres (CRAI)2009, 807-841 - see in bibliography  [---] [λ]υπρῶ̣ς τάδ' ὁρᾶι : SECir Oliverio, G., Pugliese-Carratelli, G., Morelli, D., 1961-1962, Supplemento Epigrafico Cirenaico, Annuario della Scuola Archeologica di Atene e delle Missioni Italiane in Oriente (ASAA)39-40 (= n.s. 23-24), 219-375 - see in bibliography  [---] [ο]ὐ πρ[ό]στα δρᾶι : Daux, 1963 Daux, G., 1963, Note sur une inscription de Cyrène, Bulletin de correspondance hellénique (BCH)87, 388-390 - see in bibliography  [---] [ο]ὐ πρ⸢ό⸣ lapis: ώστα δ' [ὁ]ρᾶι : Peek, 1972 Peek, W., 1972, Griechische Versinschriften aus der Cyrenaica aus Mauretanien und Numidien, Abhandlungen der sächsichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, phil.-hist. Klasse, 63.4, Berlin - see in bibliography  [ὃς δὴ τοῦτο μαθὼν ε]ὖ πρὸς τάδ' ὁρᾶι : Laronde, 1987 Laronde, A., 1987, Cyrène et la Libye hellénistique. Libykai historiai de l’époque républicaine au principat d’Auguste, Paris - see in bibliography  [---] Υ πρ[ώ]ς τάδ' ὁρᾶι

6 SECir Oliverio, G., Pugliese-Carratelli, G., Morelli, D., 1961-1962, Supplemento Epigrafico Cirenaico, Annuario della Scuola Archeologica di Atene e delle Missioni Italiane in Oriente (ASAA)39-40 (= n.s. 23-24), 219-375 - see in bibliography  [---] [μ]είζονα τήνδε πόλιν : Peek, 1972 Peek, W., 1972, Griechische Versinschriften aus der Cyrenaica aus Mauretanien und Numidien, Abhandlungen der sächsichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, phil.-hist. Klasse, 63.4, Berlin - see in bibliography  [αὐτὸς ἕλοιτο τιθεῖν με]ίζονα τήνδε πόλιν : CEG Hansen, P.A. (ed.), Carmina epigraphica Graeca, I-II, Berlin, 1983-1989 - see in bibliography  [---] [μ]είζονα τήνδε πόλιν; (from Bravo's interpretation)

French translation

 [---]  ayant couronné  [---]  de la patrie  [---]  dans sa/leur demeure un cheval  [---] . Mais Timagoras par sa valeur  [---]  il s'afflige de ce spectacle et de cette rumeur  [---]  accroît le prestige de notre cité.

English translation

 [---]  having crowned  [---]  of the mother-city  [---]  in his/their house a horse  [---] . But Timagoras with his valour  [---]  is distressed when seeing and hearing that  [---]  enhances the prestige of our city.

Italian translation

 [---]  avendo incoronato  [---]  della patria  [---]  nella sua/loro casa un cavallo  [---] . Ma Timagoras per il suo valore  [---]  tristemente vede e ascolta questo  [---]  più grande questa città.

Arabic translation

[---] بعد أن توج [---] من المدينة الأم [---] في منزله أو منازلهم حصاناً [---]. لكن تيماجوراس بشجاعته [---] يشعر بالأحباط عند رؤية وسماع ذلك [---] يعزز مكانة مدينتنا.

Commentary

About the history of that stone, the publication of which has been long delayed, see commentary at IGCyr097100. Unfortunately the only information we have from Oliverio, who found the stone complete in that part is the following: «Dopo un'introduzione laudativa in versi, esaltanti le gesta di un cittadino illustre, Timagoras, che ha reso celebre la città…». This does not help much to understand the role of Timagoras in the affairs related below, where he is not mentioned again. Did he only give money to the city or did he act directly as an ambassador?

Peeks rightly stresses that δέ after the name of Timagoras shows a new sentence and a new focus. He thus imagined two themes: 1) Many people illustrated the city with their victories in chariot or horse races; 2) Timagoras for his part did it with virtue. If the idea is good, its restoration is akward, with a badly placed δέ and a second theme too short. For Peek developes a third theme at ll. 5-6 and so nobody would learn what Timagoras has done. Bravo adopted this organisation, only changing Peek's optative formulation into a rhetoric question.

It seems more plausible that the second theme was developed from l. 4 on to the end, explaining that Timagoras was moved when seeing his city in a difficult position and acted so as to restore her lost prestige. Whether the first theme (ll. 1-4) was his ancestors' or other citizens' action cannot be decided. On the whole, it seems cautious to drop most of Peek's restorations.

Although only few of the original text is preserved, the language seems to be poetic and no dialectal feature appears in it, contrasting with the following part in prose.

Metrical analysis: in spite of the important lacunae, there is no doubt that we have here three elegiac couplets.

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